Embrace the future: voice your needs for implementing Zero-Emission Transport in this ZEFES survey

Friday, June 30th, 2023

ZEFES (Zero Emissions flexible vehicle platforms with modular powertrains serving the long-haul Freight Eco System) project (zefes.eu)

Step 1 of 9

11%

ZEFES stakeholder survey to capture needs and requirements for the implementation of ZE-HDV.

This survey is conducted under the ZEFES project and focusses on the needs and requirements related to the implementation of Zero-Emission Heavy-Duty Vehicles (ZE-HDV) with GCW>36tons, defined as Battery Electric and hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Heavy-Duty Vehicles (BE-HDV and FCE-HDV) and their infrastructure.

Most of the questions can be answered by selecting one of the predefined answers. We will assess the priority of the needs and requirements by the MoSCoW (Must, Should, Could or Would) methodology or by ranking them.

Depending on the amount of stakeholder group you select and the degree of ZE-HDV implementation in your company, the time needed for the survey can range between 5 and 20 minutes per stakeholder group selected.

The survey exists of 9 pages. However, each page will focus on a certain stakeholder group or aspect of the ZE-HDV implementation. You will not need to fill in all pages. Only the truck end-users have more than 1 page to fill in.

Other abbreviations used, are:

GCW: gross combined weight, GVW: gross vehicle weight

ICE-HDV: internal combustion engine HDV = diesel truck

CCS: combined charging system

MCS: megawatt charging system

I’m interested in zero-emission heavy-duty road transport as a …(Required)

(more than one answer possible, keep in mind that selecting multiple answers will elongate the survey)

Truck end-user: road transport operator (with or without own fleet) or logistics service provider

Shipper

Logistic site owner or operator (terminals)

Truck OEM

Trailer manufacturer

Renewable fuel infrastructure manufacturer (hydrogen)

Renewable fuel infrastructure manufacturer (fast charging)

Renewable fuel infrastructure operator (hydrogen)

Renewable fuel infrastructure operator (fast charging)

Policy maker

Road, traffic or type approval authority

Researcher

Which company or organisation are you representing?

I’m considering myself … in the field of zero-emission heavy-duty road transport.(Required)

an expert

competent

an advanced beginner

a novice

(one answer possible)

In which European countries is your company/organization active?

May we contact you for follow-up questions?

Yes

Please, provide your email-adress

Consent(Required)

Yes, I have read and agree to the ALICE privacy policy and the particular terms included in the personal data management clause below

ALICE is organizing this survey in collaboration with the ZEFES project. We may need to share the data you have provided in this survey with ZEFES project partners. ALICE will use the data provided for the organization and follow up of the survey. We inform you that the answers you provide to this survey will be used further within the ZEFES project. For more information: Read ALICE Privacy Policy. In case you do not agree to this clause but you still wish to participate, contact us at info@etp-logistics.eu

Shippers

Are you interested in shipping goods by ZE-HDV

Yes

I don't know

Are you investigating other ways to lower the emissions of your transports?

Yes, implementation of biofuels

Yes, multimodal transportation

Yes, other

Please, specify 'other'.

Are you willing to adjust your logistic operation to implement ZE-HDV?

Yes

I don't know

Are you willing to pay more to ship goods by ZE-HDV?

Yes

I don't know

Are you aware of public, national funding schemes for ZE-HDV and the needed infrastructure?

Yes

I don't know

Please, specify.

Do you own your own trucks?

Yes

I don't know

Please go back and also select 'End-user of the trucks', thank you!

Please indicate whether following statements are reasons to select ZE-HDV for shipping

We are interested in shipping by ZE-HDV, since we want to learn from practice

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are interested in shipping by ZE-HDV, since our clients are requesting transport by ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are interested in shipping by ZE-HDV, since ZE-HDV have the advantage that they can enter certain Low Emission Zones for last mile delivery.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are interested in shipping by ZE-HDV, since ZE-HDV have the advantage that they are quieter (less noise), which can positively impact delivery time windows

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are interested in shipping by ZE-HDV, since we want to lower our emissions

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are interested in shipping by ZE-HDV, since we trust the ZE-HDV technologies and expect the goods to be delivered on time.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reasons for shipping by ZE-HDV?

Please indicate whether following statements are reasons to NOT select ZE-HDV for shipping

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since ZE-HDV are not commercially available.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since the goods can not be transported by ZE-HDV due to technical or regulative reasons (ADR goods, multimodal missions, conditioned goods...)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since the charging and fueling infrastructure are not commercially available.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since our clients are not requesting transport by ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since the shipping costs are higher

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since the risk of not delivering on time due to technical issues is not mitigated enough.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since it is unclear that it will lead to lower emissions.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, due to safety aspects (high voltage, fire hazard…).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We do not ship goods by ZE-HDV, since it is not societal accepted (environmental impact of battery and hydrogen production)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reasons for not choosing ZE-HDV for shipping?

Trailer manufacturer and leasing

What type of trailers does your company manufacture or lease?

Does your company own trailers?

Yes

I don't know

How many trailers does your company own?

Are your clients demanding zero emissions solutions for conditioned trailers or trailers with an electrical tailgate?

Yes

I don't know

Is your company developing or demonstrating e-trailers or e-dolly’s (defined as with at least an integrated battery)?

Yes

I don't know

Which of the following technologies will be implemented on the future trailers?

E-axle for regenerative braking together with battery

PV panels integrated on the trailers roof combined with a battery on the trailer

Only a battery that can be charged from the grid

Battery on the trailer connected with ZE-HDV to increase the driving range

None of them

Reasons to invest in e-trailers and e-dolly's

We are developing e-trailers and e-dolly’s, since we want to learn.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are developing e-trailers and e-dolly’s, since clients are requesting it.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are developing e-trailers and e-dolly’s, since it lowers the emissions

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are developing e-trailers and e-dolly’s, since it is more energy efficient than the current technologies

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are developing e-trailers and e-dolly’s, since there is a business case for e-trailer and e-dolly’s

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are developing e-trailers and e-dolly’s, since it can extent the driving range when combined with ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reasons to invest in e-trailers or e-dolly’s?

Policy makers

At which legislative level are you active or are you focussing on?(Required)

European level

National level

Country, Regional level

Local, City level

What are, regarding to you, the main reasons to switch to zero-emission heavy-duty road transport?

What do you think are the needs and requirements to implementation of zero-emission heavy-duty road transport?

Are you aware of important, upcoming legislation that will affect the implementation of zero-emission heavy-duty road transport?

Yes

Please, specify the legislation that is upcoming.

Do you have the feeling that some legislation or knowledge is missing?

Yes

Please, specify the legislation or knowledge that is missing.

Are you aware of public funding schemes for ZE-HDV and the needed infrastructure?

Yes

Please, specify the funding schemes.

Is your organisation already taken measures to ease and encourage the implementation of zero-emission heavy-duty transport?

Yes

Please, specify the taken measures.

Do you have some lessons learned about the implementation of zero-emission heavy-duty road transport you want to share?

Yes

Please, specify the lessons learned.

Some insightful literature that you could suggest?

Yes

Please, specify the insightful literature

Research

What is the research institute you are working at?

Describe shortly (max 200 words) the research topic you are working on

Are you working on European projects about ZE-HDV

Yes

Which ones?

What are the main lessons learned from your research on zero-emission heavy-duty road transport?

What do you think are the needs and requirements for the implementation of zero-emission heavy-duty road transport?

What do you think are future the zero-emission truck technologies which will be implemented at scale and why?

Is there any type of research, data, technology… missing according to you? And how could we close this knowledge gap?

Some insightful literature that you could suggest?

1. Please click 'next', this section only contains questions for 'Shippers', 'Trailer manufacturer and leasing', 'Researchers', 'Road, traffic or type approval authorities' and 'Policy makers'.

Survey 'Road, traffic or type approval authorities'.

For which type of authority are you working for?(Required)

Road authority

Traffic authority

Type approval authority

Do you have developed a protocol, at national level, that logistics companies can follow to implement ZE-HDV?

Yes

I don't know

What is missing to develop a protocol about the implementation of ZE-HDV on the road? (Think of updating regulations, drafting safety protocols…)

Please, specify where we can find the protocol on implementing ZE-HDV.

Do you have developed a protocol, at national level, so ZE-HDV can transport ADR goods?

Yes

I don't know

What is missing to develop protocol on ZE-HDV transporting ADR goods? (Think of updating regulations, drafting safety protocols…)

Please, specify where we can find the protocol on ZE-HDV transporting ADR goods.

Do you have developed a protocol, at national level, so logistic companies can use high capacity vehicles (GCW>40 tons, like EMS1 and EMS2)?

Yes

I don't know

What is missing to develop protocol on high capacity vehicles? (Think of updating regulations, drafting safety protocols…)

Please, specify where we can find the protocol on high capacity vehicles.

Do you have developed a protocol, at national level, so e-dolly’s and e-trailers (equipped with e-axles and battery) can be implemented by logistic companies?

Yes

I don't know

What is missing to develop protocol on e-dolly's and e-trailers? (Think of updating regulations, drafting safety protocols…)

Please, specify where we can find the protocol on e-dolly's and e-trailers.

Is there a protocol in place to homologate e-dolly’s or e-trailers (equipped with e-axles and/or batteries)?

Yes

I don't know

Please, specify where we can find the procedure to homologate e-dolly's and e-trailers.

What do you think are the needs and requirements for implementing ZE-HDV and their infrastructure on commercial scale? What could be the (dis)advantage of ZE-HDV?

2. Please click 'next', this section only contains questions for 'End users of ZE-HDV'.

Truck end-users: general questions

Within this section we want to get to know your company and how you use your trucks.

What is the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) or Gross Combination Weight (GCW) of the vehicles your company is currently using?

(More than one option possible)

<3.5 t GVW

3.5-12t GVW

12-16t GVW

>16t GVW / >36t GCW

I don't know

What type of trucks is your company using?

(More than one option possible)

High-Capacity Vehicle

Semi-tractors 4x2

Semi-tractors 6x2

Rigid trucks

Others

I don't know

Please define 'Others'

What type of trailers is your company using?

(More than one option possible)

Standard trailer

Low liner trailer

Temperature conditioned trailer, reefer

None

Others

I don't know

Please define 'Others'

Does your company own trucks?

Yes

I don't know

What is the current number of motor vehicles (including diesel and CNG trucks) that your company owns? Order of magnitude is ok.

Does your company own trailers?

Yes

I don't know

What is the current number of trailers that your company owns? Order of magnitude is ok.

Does your company own logistic sites?

(Only one option possible)

Yes, only one

Yes, multiple

I don't know

Does your logistic site(s) offer fueling or charging possibilities to ZE-HDV?

(Only one option possible)

Yes

I don't know

Do you have (or plan to install) on-site renewable energy generation and/or stationary energy storage?

(Only one option possible)

Yes

I don't know

Will the electric power connection of your logistic site(s) limit the amount of charging infrastructure that can be installed?

(Only one option possible)

Yes

I don't know

Is a significant part of your transports multimodal (e.g. are goods transported by at least two means of transport (truck, rail, ship, air)) in one freight order?

(Only one option possible)

Yes, it is our core business

Yes, some of our transports

No, only in exceptional cases or never

I don't know

Are the goods accompanied during their multimodal trip?

Yes, always

Yes, sometimes

I don't know

Does your company transport temperature-conditioned goods?

(Only one option possible)

Yes, 100% conditioned goods

Yes, but also other goods

I don't know

Is preconditioning a must?

Yes

I don't know

Do you plan to use an electrical connection to precondition in order to avoid taking energy from the vehicle and impacting the driving range.

Yes

I don't know

What kind of missions does your company carry out?

(more than one option possible)

International long-haul missions

National missions (+400 km)

National round-trip missions (+400 km)

Regional missions (below 400 km)

Regional round-trip missions (+400 km)

I don't know

Does your company execute mission under extreme conditions?

(more than one option possible)

Yes, extreme cold conditions (below -20°C)

Yes, extreme hot conditions (ambient temperature+40°C)

Yes, extreme evaluation profile (mountains)

Yes, extreme weather conditions (snow storms, wind…)

I don't know

Are the missions limited by weight or by volume?

(more than one answer possible)

Weight

Volume

I don't know

When are your ICE trucks refueled during a normal work day?

(one option possible)

Only when it is necessary to complete the trip, preferably at a refuelling station nearby the (own, private) logistic site

Only when it is necessary to complete the trip, at a commercial diesel station along the route

Standard at the start or end of each shift at a refuelling station nearby the (own, private) logistic site

I don’t know

Other

Please, specify other.

3. Please click 'next', this section only contains questions for 'End users of ZE-HDV'

Status of implementation ZE-HDV in your logistic company

Has your company purchased or demonstrated ZE-HDV (GCW >36 ton) (defined as battery electric or hydrogen fuel cell electric)?(Required)

(One option possible)

Yes

I don't know

What type of ZE-HDV (GCW >36 tons) are you implementing in your fleet?(Required)

(More than one option possible)

BE-HDV

FCE-HDV

How many ZE-HDV (GCW>36 ton) have you purchased or are you demonstrating?

Is your company interested in implementing other FUEL technologies that lower transport emissions for vehicles with GCW >36 ton?

(More than one option possible)

Yes, HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil)

Yes, biomethane (in gaseous CNG or liquid LNG state)

Yes, hydrogen in combustion engines

Yes, other

I don’t know

Please define 'other'

Is your company interested in changing your LOGISTIC OPERATION to lower emissions?

Yes, using smaller vehicles (GCW<36 tons) which are easier to electrify

Yes, adding more logistic hubs to the network to achieve shorter distances, which are easier to electrify

Yes, more multimodal transport

Yes, other

I don't know

Please define 'other'

Does your company have a clear sustainability strategy/targets to reduce emissions from your truck operation?

(One option possible)

Yes

I don't know

Could you please provide the strategy/targets?

Knowing the higher cost of a ZE-HDV, would you still purchase a ZE-HDV?

(One option possible)

Yes

I don't know

What type of incentives (or discouragements for fossil fuels) would be helpful to implement ZE-HDV?

CAPEX subsidies for trucks

CAPEX subsidies for infrastructure

OPEX subsidies since renewable electricity or H2 cost more

Exemption (road) taxes

Additional taxes related to CO2 emissions

Non-financial benefits (like priority lanes)

Are you aware of public, national funding schemes for ZE-HDV and the needed infrastructure?

yes

I don't know

Please, specify.

Is your company open to new business models (like leasing ZE-HDV instead of buying, pay per use...)?

yes

I don't know

4. Please click 'next', this section only contains questions for 'End users of ZE-HDV'.

Why is your company not implementing ZE-HDV?

Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following reasons to NOT invest in ZE-HDV. We will first ask the reasons to not invest in BE-HDV, followed by the reasons related to FCE-HDV. The reasons will be similar only applying on different ZE-HDV technologies.

For which technology do you want to fill in the questionnaire:(Required)

(One option possible)

BE-HDV

FCE-HDV

Both

Reasons to NOT invest in BE-HDV.

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: BE-HDV are not commercially available.

Agree

Disagree

Not important

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: BE-HDV can not be deployed in enough missions.

Agree

Disagree

Not important

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Driving range is too low

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Payload is restricted

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Charging time is too long

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: A fleet management system that can account for the potential benefits and limitations of the BE-HDV is non-existing.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Incentives to invest in BE-HDV are missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Commercial charging infrastructure is missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Incentives to invest in charging infrastructure are missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: It is currently impossible to calculate TCO and business cases since data is missing (maintenance cost, availability numbers, capacity prognosis, lifetime, residual value…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: The uncertainty on future (energy) prices is too high to decide now.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: The uncertainty on future technology improvements is too high to decide now.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: There is no positive business case for BE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: There is a positive business case for BE-HDV, however the TCO of BE-HDV is higher than ICE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: The CAPEX investment in a BE-HDV is too high.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: BE-HDV cannot be combined with the trailer type we use.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t implement BE-HDV due to safety aspects (high voltage, fire hazard…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We do not implement BE-HDV due to social acceptance aspects (environmental impact of battery production and recycle)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: It is unclear whether BE-HDV will lead to an actual emission reduction (GHG and PM).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Our company does not have the knowledge or resources to procure suitable BE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: Renewable electricity is not available at an acceptable price.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: There is no legislation forcing us to implement BE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: The legislative framework to drive with BE-HDV is missing (uncertain if allowed to cross borders, use tunnels, transport ADR goods…).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: The BE-HDV are not equipped with the necessary driver comfort equipment (type of cabin, heated seats…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: It is unclear what the impact will be on the logistic operation (overall capacity loss?)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: BE-HDV is new technology, which we do not trust enough (risk of breakdowns is not mitigated enough).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in BE-HDV because: The impact of weather conditions on the performance of BE-HDV is not known

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reasons for not investing in BE-HDV?

Reasons to NOT invest in FCE-HDV

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: FCE-HDV are not commercially available.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: FCE-HDV can not be deployed in enough missions.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Driving range is too low

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Payload is restricted

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Fueling time is too long

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: A fleet management system that can account for the potential benefits and limitations of the FCE-HDV is non-existing.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Incentives to invest in FCE-HDV are missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Commercial HRS are missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Incentives to invest in HRS are missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: It is currently impossible to calculate TCO and business cases since data is missing (maintenance cost, availability numbers, capacity prognosis, lifetime, residual value…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: The uncertainty on future (hydrogen) prices is too high to decide now.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: The uncertainty on future technology improvements is too high to decide now.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: There is no positive business case for FCE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: There is a positive business case for FCE-HDV, however the TCO of FCE-HDV is higher than ICE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: The CAPEX investment in a FCE-HDV is too high.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: FCE-HDV cannot be combined with the trailer type we use

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: We do not implement due to safety aspects (fire hazard, high voltage…).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: We do not implement due to social acceptance aspects (impact of hydrogen production, impact of battery production and recycle…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: It is unclear whether the FCE-HDV will lead to an actual emission reduction (GHG and PM).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Our company does not have the knowledge or resources to select suitable FCE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: Green hydrogen is not available.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: There is no legislation forcing us to implement FCE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: The legislative framework to drive with FCE-HDV is missing (uncertain if allowed to cross borders, use tunnels…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: The FCE-HDV are not equipped with the necessary driver comfort equipment (type of cabin, heated seats…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: It is unclear what the impact will be on the logistic operation (overall capacity loss?)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t invest in FCE-HDV because: FCE-HDV is new technology, which we do not trust enough (risk of breakdowns is not mitigated enough).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

The impact of weather conditions on the performance of FCE-HDV is not known

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reason to not invest in FCE-HDV?

Why is your company implementing ZE-HDV?

Please indicate whether the following statements are reasons to implement ZE-HDV.

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: We want to learn

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Sufficient ZE-HDV are commercially available

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: ZE-HDV can be deployed in almost all missions

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Driving range is sufficient

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: We want to be able to enter Low Emission Zones

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: ZE-HDV are more silent and could be used for night deliveries

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Transport capacity is not restricted

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Charging time is not too long

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Hydrogen refueling time is not too long

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: ZE-HDV can be combined with the trailer type we use

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Sufficient charging and fueling infrastructure is available, at the pressure or power we want.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: There are sufficient incentives to invest in ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The CAPEX investment of ZE-HDV is acceptable.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The TCO of ZE-HDV can be calculated (residual value, lifetime... are known)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The TCO of ZE-HDV is acceptable

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: There is a positive business case for operating ZE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: There is a positive business case for ZE-HDV, however the TCO of ZE-HDV is higher than ICE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: It is safe to operate BE-HDV (battery)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: It is safe to operate FCE-HDV (hydrogen)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: It is societal accepted to operate ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: We have the knowledge and resources to procure suitable ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The ZE-HDV are equipped with the necessary driver comfort equipment (type of cabin, heated seats…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Renewable electricity is available at an acceptable price.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Green hydrogen is available

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The risk of ZE-HDV breakdowns is mitigated, we trust the technology

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The risk of infrastructure breakdowns is mitigated, we trust the technology

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Fleet management software that can integrate ZE-HDV in a fleet is available.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: We want to lower our emissions (GHG and PM).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: The legislative framework is not restricting the deployment of ZE-HDV (crossing of borders, multimodal missions, transporting ADR goods...).

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

We are investing in ZE-HDV, since: Legislation is forcing us to implement ZE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

The impact of weather conditions on the performance of ZE-HDV is known

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reason to invest in ZE-HDV?

5. Please click 'next', this section only contains questions for 'End users of HDV' that are implementing ZE-HDV

Truck end-user: needs and requirement of the BE-HDV

What should be the driving range of the BE-HDV?

(numerical, expressed in km)

How much time could the BE-HDV charge (expressed in hours) during the day without impacting the logistics operations? Please include the driver breaks only when you think it is feasible and societally accepted to charge during breaks. Please include loading and unloading only when you think it is feasible to charge.

(numerical, expressed in hours)

Are driver breaks included in the time available for charging?

yes

I don't know

Is (un)loading included in the time available for charging?

yes

I don't know

At which remaining driving range (range anxiety) would you suggest your drivers to recharge.

Below 30 km remaining driving range

Between 30 and 50 km remaining driving range

Between 50 and 100 km remaining driving range

Above 100 km remaining driving range

I don't know

How fast should the BE-HDV be able to charge from a minimum battery capacity (related to the minimum driving range selected above) to 80% (expressed in hours)?

How should the BE-HDV be optimized? Rank the following requirements of the BE-HDV by means of importance by dragging.

Restart

Truck end-user: Needs and requirements of the charging infrastructure

The BE-HDV will be charged at …

(More than one option possible)

A normal power socket, AC/DC, max. 21 kW

Existing fast charging infrastructure < 300 kW (DC/DC)

Existing fast charging infrastructure ≥ 300 kW (DC/DC)

New to build fast charging infrastructure < 300 kW (DC/DC)

New to build charging infrastructure ≥ 300 kW (DC/DC)

New to build charging infrastructure ≥ 900 kW (DC/DC)

Not defined yet

I don't know

What would be the main location to charge the vehicle?

At a logistic site at relatively low power, <300kW (overnight, during (un)loading, depot charging…)

At a logistic site at high power during loading/unloading (opportunity charging)

At a logistic site at high power during driver breaks (opportunity charging)

A commercial charging station along the road (opportunity charging)

I don’t know

How much of the charging will be done at the main charging location (percentage)?

(Please leave empty, when not known)

Please enter a number from 0 to 100.

What will be the overall ratio between slow (<350kW) and fast (>350kW) charging (percentage)?

(Please leave empty, when not known)

Please enter a number from 0 to 100.

What should be the maximum distance between fast charging locations (defined as infrastructure with minimum 350 kW) (expressed in kilometers)?

(Please leave empty, when not known)

Rank the following requirements for CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE from most important to less important by dragging.

Restart

Truck end-user: Prioritizing needs and requirements of the Charging infrastructure by MoSCoW

Please select if you find the following need or requirement statements a must, an important need, nice to have, or something that should not be prioritised.

The BE-HDV can be easily connected to the charging infrastructure (length cable, automatic grounding, galvanic isolation…)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Possibility to charge BE-HDV on the right- and lefthand side of the truck.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The connection between BE-HDV and charger is standardised (one plug fits all)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Charging station is adjusted to the turning cycle of long trucks-trailer combinations (high capacity vehicles)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Renewable electricity is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Megawatt Charging System ( >900MW) is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

CCS (350 kW) and MCS (>900MW) are available at the same station (price can differ between them, option to opportunity charge at a lower price when time is not the limiting factor)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable electricity prices related to the charging power (kW)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable charging prices related to time of the day (charging during peak demand is more expensive)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Communication between charger and the BE-HDV to optimize charging locally (power and time)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Vehicle to grid (V2G) communication to optimize charging at grid level

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Bidirectional charging for (local) grid support services (peak managing, energy storage…)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or pay per use over digital platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to charge (no waiting at the charger)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Unambiguous pricing displayed

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Automated charging (connection between BE-HDV and infrastructure and payment is made without interaction of the driver)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Small footprint of the infrastructure (both in area and in weight)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Long term (hours) parking available (possibility for depot charging)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Power connection for conditioned trailer or e-trailers is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Truck end-user: Needs and requirements FCE-HDV

What should be the driving range of the FCE-HDV (expressed in km)?

When you don't know the answer, you can leave it blank.

How should the FCE-HDV be optimized? Rank the following requirements of the FCE-HDV by means of importance by dragging.

Restart

Truck end-user: Needs and requirements of the hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS)

The FCE-HDV will be refuelled at

(more than one option possible)

An existing 350 bar HRS

An existing 700 bar HRS

A new to build HRS at 350 bar

A new to build HRS at 700 bar

A mobile HRS (350 bar)

A mobile HRS (700 bar)

I don't know

What should be the maximum distance between HRS (expressed in kilometer)?

What should be the refueling time of a FCE-HDV time (expressed in minutes)?

Rank the following requirements for HRS from most important to less important by dragging.

Restart

Truck end-user : Prioritizing needs and requirements of the HRS by MoSCoW

Please select if you find the following need or requirement statements a must, an important need, nice to have, or something that should not be prioritised.

Ease of handling: length hose is sufficient.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Ease of handling: no nozzle frozen onto FCE-HDV

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Possible to refuel FCE-HDV with H2 receptacles on the right and lefthand side of the truck.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

High refuelling speed = fast refuelling time (at least 120 g/s)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Green hydrogen is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar hydrogen is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar and 350 bar are available (price and refuelling rate can differ between them due to technical reasons. 350 bar could be less expensive per kilogram H2, however the total mass refuelled will be less, which results in smaller driving range)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to pressure fuelled (350 and 700 bar)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to time of the day (fuelling during peak demand is more expensive)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Achieve State of Charge (degree of filling) above 95%

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Capable to refuel 70 kg of hydrogen at once (related to driving range of ± 700 km)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Communication with the FCE-HDV to optimize fuelling (mass and time)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or automated payment by online platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to fuel (no waiting at the pump)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Unambiguous pricing displayed

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Estimation of the amount of hydrogen that can be refuelled (mass) is displayed before start of refuelling

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Automated fuelling (nozzle is connected by robot arm)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Adjusted to turning cycle of longer truck-trailer combinations (high capacity vehicles)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Power connection for conditioned trailers or e-trailers is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

6. Please click next, this section contains questions for 'Logistic site owners and operators'

Survey ‘Logistic site owner or operator’: general questions

How many logistic sites is your company operating?

(please leave blank, when you don't know)

How many trucks (GCW>36 tons) are visiting your logistic sites on average at a daily basis? (order of magnitude)

(please leave blank, when you don't know)

Do you have any charging or hydrogen fueling infrastructure installed at or nearby your logistic sites designed for ZE-HDV with GCW>36 tons?

Yes, charging stations and HRS

Yes, only charging stations

Yes, only HRS

No, none of them

I don't know

(Only one option possible)

How many of the logistic sites are equipped with this infrastructure?

All of them

More than half

Less than half

Only a couple, it is exceptional

I don’t know

Are your clients requesting charging or hydrogen fuelling infrastructure at your sites?

Yes, charging stations and HRS

Yes, only charging stations

Yes, only HRS

No, none of them

I, don't know

Will you install (additional) charging infrastructure in the near future (by 2028)

Yes, charging stations and HRS

Yes, only charging stations

Yes, only HRS

No, none of them

I don't know

Are renewable electricity production assets (PV panels and wind turbines) installed at your logistic sites?

Yes, both wind and solar production

Yes, only solar production

Yes, only wind production

I don't know

What is the power of the installed renewable electricity production assets on average (MW)?

Would the grid connection of your logistic sites limit the number of chargers and charging power that could be installed?

Yes, it is already a limiting factor for our daily operations

Yes, it will be a limiting factor in the near future

No, grid connection will limit our daily operations.

I don't know

Are you aware of public, national funding schemes for ZE-HDV and the needed infrastructure?

Yes

Please, specify the funding scheme

Why will charging or refueling infrastructure not be installed at your logistic sites in the near future?

Please indicated whether following statements are reasons to not implement infrastructure for ZE-HDV (GCW >36 tons) at logistic sites.

We don't install the infrastructure, since the clients of the logistic site will not need it, they will charge/refuel somewhere else

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since the time ZE-HDV spend at the logistic site is too short to charge/refuel

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since there is no footprint available on the logistic site where the infrastructure could be installed on.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since the fast-charging technology is not commercially available

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since HRS technology is not commercially available

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, incentives to invest in infrastructure are missing

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since we don't trust the current technology (risks of breakdowns are not mitigated enough)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since the technology will improve significantly in the future.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since the legislative framework to install the infrastructure is missing (permit requirements, standards…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since there is no business case for installing FAST CHARGING infrastructure at logistic sites

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since there is no business case for installing HRS at or nearby logistics sites

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since we cannot find an operator for the infrastructure.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since there is no renewable electricity available at an acceptable price

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since there is no green hydrogen available at the market

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since the power connection of the logistic site makes the installation of the infrastructure challenging

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don't install the infrastructure, since we don’t have the knowledge or resources to procure the infrastructure within our company

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t install the infrastructure due to safety concerns (high voltage, fire hazard, SEVESO regulations, explosion risk…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t install the infrastructure since it is not clear these technologies will lead to emission reductions

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t install the infrastructure, since these technologies are not social accepted (mining for materials, uncertain recycling methods…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We don’t install the infrastructure, since the installation itself will impact the logistics operations too much (breaking up concrete, unavailable docking area…)

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reason to not invest in charging or fueling infrastructure?

Why did you install charging infrastructure for ZE-HDV (GCW >36 tons) on your logistic sites?

Please indicated whether following statements are reasons to implement infrastructure for ZE-HDV (GCW >36 tons) at logistic sites

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since we wanted to learn

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since the clients were requesting it

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since we want to be ready for the future

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since there is a business case for charging or fuelling ZE-HDV at logistic sites

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since we found it an opportunity to use the existing, financial incentives to install the infrastructure

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since we will be legally obligated in the future

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since we trust the current technology.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

We installed infrastructure at our logistics sites, since we want to be more sustainable

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

Do you want to comment on some of your answers? Do you have other reason to invest in charging or fuelling infrastructure?

Logistic site owner or operator: Fast charging for BE-HDV (GCW > 36 tons)

Did the installation of the charging infrastructure impact the daily operation on the logistic site?

Yes, the impact was substantial

Yes, but manageable

I don't know

(One option possible)

When will the BE-HDV charge at the logistic site?

Overnight, when the truck is parked for a long time (depot charging, power<350kW)

During loading and offloading (opportunity charging, power>350kW)

When necessary to fulfill the next mission (opportunity charging, power>350kW)

Other

I don't know

(More than one option possible)

Please, define 'other'

What will be the power most of the charging points?

Conventional power plug AC/DC, max 21 kW

DC/DC between 60-300 kW

DC/DC between 300-900 kW

DC/DC above 900 kW

I don’t know

(More than one option possible)

Will additional charging infrastructure be foreseen for conditioned, electrically powered trailers? (So goods can be preconditioned)

Yes

I don't know

(One option possible)

Who will purchase the charging infrastructure (procurement and installation)?

Yourself, the logistic site owner

An external party

I don't know

(One option possible)

Who will operate the charging infrastructure (maintain and bill the clients)?

Yourself, the logistic site owner

An external party

I don't know

(One option possible)

Currently, fast charging is done by a cable and a plug. Do you expect that other concepts will be developed in the future?

Yes

I don't know

Please select the other concepts you expect to be commercially developed in the near future.

Catenary at the highway, e-highway-

Charging by automated plug connector

Automated charging by pantograph connector and BE-HDV standing still (e.g. like electric trains and trams)

Inductive charging

I don't know

Rank the following requirements for the needed charging infrastructure from most important to less important by dragging.

Restart

Logistic site owner or operator: Prioritizing needs and requirements of the Charging infrastructure by MoSCoW

Please select if you find the following need or requirement statements a must, an important need, nice to have, or something that should not be prioritised.

The plug is easy to handle and, the length of cable is sufficient

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The plug is standardized

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Renewable energy is produced (partly) locally on site

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Renewable energy can be bought on the market at an acceptable price

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

A booking tool for the clients is available, so the usage rate can be predicted and is known

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

A payment and billing tool for the clients is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Incentives to install charging equipment

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Electrical grid reinforcement

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Stationary energy storage (battery)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

An energy management system to achieve optimal charging at the lowest price (i.e. by avoidance of peaks)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Vehicle-2-Grid communication to achieve optimal charging

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Bidirectional charging

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The footprint of the charging infrastructure is minimal (both in area as in mass)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The installation is done without impact on the logistic activities

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Long term (hours) parking available (possibility for depot charging)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Megawatt Charging System (>900MW) is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

CCS (350 kW) and MCS (>900MW) available at the same station (price can differ between them, so option to opportunity charge at a lower price when time is not the limiting factor)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Power connection for conditioned trailers or e-trailers available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Logistic site owner or operator: Hydrogen refuelling of FCE-HDV (GCW>36 tons)

What will be the state of the hydrogen

Gaseous (350 bar)

Gaseous (700 bar)

Liquid hydrogen

Compressed cryogenic hydrogen

I don’t know

(more than one option possible)

How will the hydrogen be transported to the HRS

Local hydrogen production on site

Tube trailer (200 bar)

Tube trailer (500 bar)

Tube trailer (liquid hydrogen)

Pipeline

I don't know

Rank the following requirements for the needed HRS from most important to less important by dragging.

Restart

Logistic site owner or operator: Prioritizing need and requirements of HRS by MoSCoW

Please indicate the importance of following requirements by the MoSCoW- method.

The length of the hose is adequate and easy to handle.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The nozzle is easy to connect and disconnect and cannot freeze onto FCE-HDV (-20 to -40°C cooled hydrogen)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

High refuelling speed = fast refuelling time (at least 120 g/s)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

It is possible to refuel FCE-HDV on the right and lefthand side of the truck.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Green hydrogen is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar hydrogen is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar and 350 bar available (price and refuelling rate can differ between them due to technical reasons. 350 bar could be less expensive per kilogram H2, however the total mass will be less, which results in smaller driving range)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to pressure fuelled (350 and 700 bar)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to time of the day (peak demand or not)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Achieve State of Charge (degree of filling) above 95%

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Capable to refuel 70 kg of hydrogen at once (related to driving range of ±700 km)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Communication with the FCE-HDV to optimize fuelling (mass and time)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or pay per use over digital platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to fuel (no waiting at the pump for the client)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Unambiguous pricing displayed

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Adjusted to turning cycle of longer truck-trailer combinations

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Footprint and safety perimeter is minimised by the design of the HRS

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Hydrogen mass on site is below the SEVESO limit.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Survey Truck OEM – general questions

What is the zero-emission truck technology that your company is developing right now (GCW >36 tons)?

Battery electric vehicles (BE-HDV)

Fuel cell electric vehicles on gaseous hydrogen (FCE-HDV)

Fuel cell electric vehicles on liquid hydrogen

Hydrogen trucks with combustion engine

Other

I don't know

Please, specify 'Other'

Why are you not investing in both BE-HDV and FCE-HDV?

Is a BE-HDV (GCW >36 tons) commercially available?

Yes

I don't know

When will a BE-HDV (GCW>36 tons) be commercially available?

What is (will be) the energy content of the battery (kWh)?

How will the total installed battery capacity (kWh) evolve in the future on most of the BE-HDV (GCW>36 tons)?

It will stay the same

It will decrease

It will increase

I don’t know

Do you believe that BE-HDV (GCW>36 tons) with different battery sizes (and therefore different purchase prices) will be brought on the market by your company?

Yes

I don’t know

What is (will be) the weight of the battery (kg)?

Which battery technology is ( or will be) used in the commercial BE-HDV?

Will the battery technology change in the future?

Yes

I don’t know

What battery technology will be implemented in the future?

What is the expected lifetime of the battery on a commercial truck (yearly milage ≥ 120 000 km) expressed in years?

What will be the maximal power the BE-HDV will be able to charge at (expressed in kW)?

Are you aware of national funding schemes for ZE-HDV and the related infrastructure

Yes

Please, specify.

Will Vehicle-2-Grid (V2G) communication be available?

Yes

I don't know

When will V2G communication be available?

Will the truck be able to do bidirectional charging?

Yes

I don't know

When will bidirectional charging be available?

Are legal weight limitations, restricting the BE-HDV specifications?

Yes

I don't know

Are legal length limitations, restricting the BE-HDV specifications?

Yes

I don't know

What will be the driver cabin of the BE-HDV?

Day cabin

Sleep cabin

I don't know

Will the BE-HDV be compatible with all trailer types

Yes

I don't know

Will data of the BE-HDV, like State of charge, be available for dispatching software?

Yes

I don't know

Is there a minimal State of Charge (SOC) needed to start fast charging automatically?

Yes

I don't know

When yes: what is the minimal SOC needed to start fast charging automatically?

Truck OEM: Needs and requirements to develop BE-HDV

Please indicated whether you agree, or not, with the following statements about the development of BE-HDV.

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since all components are available and standardised

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the lifetime of components is adequate

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the maintenance of the BE-HDV can be organized by the existing dealer network in their workshops.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since enough trained technicians are available to maintain the BE-HDV.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the homologation process is clear and standardized.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since BE-HDV can be deployed in intermodal missions.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since BE-HDV can be deployed in in international missions.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the risks related to BE-HDV (high voltage, fire hazard…) can be technically mitigated

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

BE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the needs of the end-users are clear and the characteristics of the electric truck are adjusted to them

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

Would you like to comment on your answers? Do you think of other challenges regarding the development of BE-HDV?

Truck OEM: specifications FCE-HDV

When will a FCE-HDV (GCW>36 tons) be commercially available?

(Please leave empty, when you don't know it)

What will be the state of the hydrogen in the FCE-HDV?

Gaseous (350 bar)

Gaseous (700 bar)

Liquid hydrogen

Compressed cryogenic hydrogen

I don’t know

What will be the total mass of hydrogen in a 350 bar FCE-HDV (kg)?

What will be the available mass of hydrogen in a 350 bar FCE-HDV (kg)?

What will be the total mass of hydrogen in a 700 bar FCE-HDV (kg)?

What will be the available mass of hydrogen in a 700 bar FCE-HDV (kg)?

What will be the fuel cell power installed at the vehicle (kW)?

What will be size of the battery (kWh)?

What will be the total weight of the hydrogen vessels skid, the fuel cell, and the battery (kg)?

What will be the expected lifetime of the fuel cell, expressed in hours?

What will be the driver cabin of the FCE-HDV?

Day cabin

Sleep cabin

I don’t know

(More than one option possible)

Truck OEM: Need and requirements FCE-HDV

Please indicate if you agree or not with following statements.

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since all components are available and standardised

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the lifetime of components is adequate

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the maintenance of the FCE-HDV can be organized by the existing dealer network in their workshops.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since enough trained technicians are available to maintain the FCE-HDV

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the homologation process is clear and standardized

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since FCE-HDV can be deployed in intermodal missions

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since FCE-HDV can be deployed in international missions

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the risks related to FCE-HDV (high voltage, fire hazard…) can be technically mitigated

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

FCE-HDV can be commercially deployed, since the needs of the end-users are clear and the characteristics of the FCE-HDV are adjusted to them.

Agree

Disagree

Not relevant

I don't know

(One option possible)

Would you like to comment on your answers? Do you think of other challenges regarding the development of FCE-HDV?

Truck OEM: Need and requirements charging infrastructure

Please indicate the importance of following requirements by the MoSCoW- method.

The BE-HDV can be easily connected to the charging infrastructure (length cable, automatic grounding, galvanic isolation…)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Charging is started automatically

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Possibility to charge BE-HDV on the right- and lefthand side of the truck.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The connection between BE-HDV and charger is standardised (one plug fits all)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Charging station is adjusted to the turning cycle of long trucks-trailer combinations (high capacity vehicles)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Renewable electricity is available at an acceptable price

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Megawatt Charging System (>900MW) is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

CCS (350 kW) and MCS (>900MW) available at the same station (price can differ between them, so option to opportunity charge at a lower price when time is not the limiting factor)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable electricity prices related to the charging power (kW)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable charging prices related to time of the day (charging during peak demand is more expensive)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Communication between charger and the BE-HDV to optimize charging locally (power and time)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Vehicle to grid (V2G) communication to optimize charging at grid level

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Bidirectional charging for (local) grid support services (peak managing, energy storage…)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or pay per use over digital platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to charge (no waiting at the charger)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Automated charging (connection between BE-HDV and infrastructure is made without interaction of the driver)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Small footprint (both in area and in weight)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Long term (hours) parking available (possibility for depot charging)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Power connection for conditioned trailers or e-trailers available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Would you like to comment on your answers? Do you think of other requirements of Charging infrastructure?

Truck OEM: Need and requirements HRS

Please indicate the importance of following requirements by the MoSCoW- method.

The length of the hose is adequate and easy to handle.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The nozzle is easy to connect and disconnect and cannot freeze onto FCE-HDV (-20 to -40°C cooled hydrogen)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Cooling of the hydrogen

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Possible to refuel FCE-HDV on the right and lefthand side of the truck.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

High refuelling speed = fast refuelling time (at least 120 g/s)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Green hydrogen is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar hydrogen is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar and 350 bar available (price and refuelling rate can differ between them due to technical reasons. 350 bar could be less expensive per kilogram H2, however the total mass refuelled will be less, which results in smaller driving range)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to pressure fuelled (350 and 700 bar)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to time of the day (fuelling during peak demand is more expensive)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Achieve State of Charge (degree of filling) above 95%

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Capable to refuel 70 kg of hydrogen at once (related to driving range of ±700 km)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

(IR) Communication with the ZE-HDV to optimize fuelling (mass and time)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Refuelling protocols are available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or pay per use over digital platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to fuel (no waiting at the pump)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Automated fuelling (nozzle is connected by robot arm)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Adjusted to turning cycle of longer truck-trailer combinations

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Would you like to comment on your answers? Do you think of other requirements of HRS?

7. Please click next, this section only contains questions for 'Truck OEM'.

8. Please click next, this section only contains questions for 'Infrastructure manufacturers and operators'.

Charging infrastructure manufacturer and operator: General questions

What is the maximum power (kW) your commercial chargers can charge at, at this moment?

What will be the maximum power (kW) of charging infrastructure in the near future?

Are clients demanding higher powers than you can provide today?

Yes

I don't know

Are you aware of national funding programs for charging infrastructure?

Yes

I don't know

Please, specify the national funding programs.

Is all the needed hardware available for MCS?

Yes

I don't know

Please, specify what is missing.

Are all the needed standards and protocols available for MCS?

Yes

I don't know

Please, specify what is missing.

Are suitable land slots available to install charging infrastructure

Yes

I don't know

Where will most of the charging infrastructure be installed?

at the premises of the truck end users (truck depot)

at logistic sites

at commercial charging stations along the road

I don't know

How many trucks will be able to charge at one location on average? What will be the total power of a charging station on average?

Is data available to predict the charging demand based on traffic density and flow data?

Yes

I don't know

Please, specify what is missing.

Can trucks use the existing charging infrastructure for cars?

Yes

Yes, but not all

I don't know

What are the main reasons trucks cannot use the charging equipment installed for passenger cars?

The plug is not compatible with BE-HDV.

The cable length will be limiting

The location is not accessible by trucks due to driving circle

The location is not accessible by trucks due to height restrictions

I don't know

(more than one option possible)

What type of charging equipment connection will be used in the future?

Cable and plug, manually (possibly water-cooled)

Cable and plug, automated (possibly water-cooled)

Catenary above a road

Pantograph system at a logistic site or charging stations

Inductive charging

I don't know

Charging infrastructure manufacturer and operator: prioritize need and requirements by MoSCoW

Please select if you find the following need or requirement statements a must, an important need, nice to have, or something that should not be prioritised.

The charging station location has an adequate power connection.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Megawatt Charging System (>900MW) is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Renewable electricity is available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Charging station is adjusted to the turning cycle of long trucks-trailer combinations (high capacity vehicles)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The connection between BE-HDV and charger is standardised (one plug fits all)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

CCS (350 kW) and MCS (>900MW) available at the same station (price can differ between them, so option to opportunity charge at a lower price when time is not the limiting factor)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable electricity prices related to the charging power (kW)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable charging prices related to time of the day (charging during peak demand is more expensive)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Vehicle to grid (V2G) communication to optimize charging at grid level

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or pay per use over digital platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to charge (no waiting at the charger)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Automated charging (connection between BE-HDV and infrastructure is made without interaction of the driver)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Small footprint (both in area and in weight)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The infrastructure is able to charge bidirectionally

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The truck can park long-term (overnight charging)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Would you like to comment on your answers? Do you think of other charging infrastructure needs and requirements?

Rank the following requirements for charging infrastructure from operators perspective from most important to less important by dragging.

Restart

HRS manufacturer and operator: general questions

What will be the state of the hydrogen at the HRS your company develops?

Gaseous (350 bar)

Gaseous (700 bar)

Liquid hydrogen

Compressed cryogenic hydrogen

I don’t know

What will be the daily refuelling capacity of the future hydrogen refuelling stations (kg/day)?

What will the compressor capacity (kg/day) at such a HRS?

Will cooling of the hydrogen prior refueling be necessary?

Yes, to -40°C for 700 bar, as it is now

Yes, for 700 bar, but cooling temperature is not defined yet

Yes, for 350 bar, but cooling temperature is not defined yet

I don't know

How will the hydrogen be transported to the HRS

Local hydrogen production on site

Tube trailer (200 bar)

Tube trailer (500 bar)

Tube trailer (liquid hydrogen)

Pipeline

I don't know

What will the installed power (kW) for hydrogen cooling at such a HRS?

What will be the total installed power (kW) (cooling and compression) of such a HRS?

What will be the dispensing rate of commercial HRS for FCE-HDV in the near future?

120 g/s

Above 300 g/s

The dispensing rate will be dependent on the properties of the FCE-HDV and the HRS

Other

I don't know

Please, define other.

Are there the necessary refuelling standards and protocols available?

Yes

I don't know

Please, define what is missing and when it will be available.

Is the necessary hardware available on the market to refuel at 350 and 700 bar?

Yes

I don't know

Please, define what is missing and when it will be available.

Are you aware of national funding programs for HRS?

Yes

I don't know

Please, define the national funding programs for HRS.

Rank the following requirements for HRS from most important to less important by dragging.

Restart

HRS manufacturer and operator: Prioritizing needs and requirements of the HRS by MoSCoW

Please select if you find the following need or requirement statements a must, an important need, nice to have, or something that should not be prioritised.

The length of the hose is adequate and easy to handle.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

The nozzle is easy to connect and disconnect and cannot freeze onto FCE-HDV (-20 to -40°C cooled hydrogen)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Possible to refuel FCE-HDV on the right and lefthand side of the truck.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Unlimited back-2-back refuellings of trucks

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Multiple refuelling dispensers, multiple truck refuelling at once.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

High refuelling speed = fast refuelling time (at least 120 g/s)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Green hydrogen

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Total mass of hydrogen stored at the site is not exceeding the SEVESO limit.

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

700 bar hydrogen available

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to pressure fuelled (350 and 700 bar)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Variable hydrogen prices related to time of the day (fueling during peak demand is more expensive)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Achieve State of Charge (degree of filling) above 95%

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Capable to refuel 70 kg of hydrogen at once (related to driving range of ±700 km)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Communication between HRS and FCE-HDV to optimize fuelling (mass and time)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Pay by credit card or pay per use over digital platform

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Reservation of timeslot to fuel (no waiting at the pump)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Unambiguous pricing displayed

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Automated fuelling (nozzle is connected by robot arm)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Adjusted to turning cycle of longer truck-trailer combinations (high capacity vehicles)

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Amenities for truck drivers

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Estimation of the amount of hydrogen that can be refuelled (mass) is displayed before start of refuelling

Must have, mandatory need or requirement

Should have, important need or requirement that is not vital

Could, nice to have

Would, not a priority

Not relevant

Would you like to comment on your answers? Do you think of other HRS needs and requirements?

ZEFES is co-funded by the European Union under grant number 101095856. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Back to overview